Natural Umber Watercolor 3.2 ml "Limited Burnt-Outs"

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Watercolors are made with finely ground, concentrated pigments and highly purified gum arabic. Fine grinding on a ceramic mill produces transparent, pure, and saturated colors. Watercolors blend beautifully, wash easily, and have high lightfastness.

Earth umber, thick umber, kapor or brown earth, vohra, thick umber, Turkish umber, brown iron ore, Cypriot umber, terred'ombrenaturelle, brulee, robe umber, gebrannte umber, rawumber, burntumber. It gets its name from Umbria, one of the ancient Roman provinces. According to another version, it comes from the Latin word umbra, meaning shadow. It can be found on Roman fragments. It was widely used since the 11th century. It was first mentioned as a paint in 1584. In ancient times, it was known to the Italians under the name "falzailo." The name "umber" has been in common use since the late 17th century. Umber, under various names, has been used in all known techniques since ancient times.

Chemically, it is a mixture of hydrous iron (III) oxide Fe2O3 with manganese oxide (MnO2) and a mixture of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) in varying proportions, which determines the umber's hue. MnO2 is present in umbers in quantities ranging from 1.5 to 18% (Korsun umber - 2-4.2%, Cyprus umber - 12-18%, and German umber - 1.7%). Umber absorbs light intensively, making it a highly opaque pigment.

Classic umbers are dark brown to black pigments that always have an olive-green tint. Umber produces particularly rich tones in oil paints.

With an iron oxide content of less than 23%, the pigment is light; with higher iron oxide content, the color darkens, but the purity of the tone increases. A characteristic feature of umber is its ability to change color when heat-treated, acquiring a reddish-brown tone with a reddish tint.

Umbers have high adsorption capacity. They are lightfast, durable, and resistant to atmospheric influences and alkalis. Heat-treated umber produces a dark red-brown pigment with a deep, warm (chestnut) tone, known as "burnt umber" (black or velvety). It has high light and weather resistance.

Chemical description: Watercolor paint, semi-dry, in a 3.2 ml pan.

• Lightfastness: 8

• Alkali Resistance: 5

• Lime Resistance: 5

• Acid Resistance: 5

• Color Index: PBr 7

• Glaze

• Color: Light Brown

• Cuvette: 3.2 ml